نشریه کاربرد سنجش از دور و سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی در علوم محیطی

بررسی رابطه فضایی بین قرارگیری در معرض مواد شیمیایی کشاورزی و ابتلا و مرگ ناشی از کرونا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه سنجش از دور و GIS دانشکده جغرافیا، دانشگاه تهران

2 رشته جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

3 گروه سنجش از دور و GIS دانشگاه تهران

4 دکتری، رشته برنامه‌ریزی منطقه‌ای، گروه سنجش از دور و سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی، دانشکده برنامه‌ریزی و علوم محیطی، دانشگاه تبریز،

10.22034/rsgi.2025.66478.1131

چکیده

هدف: عوامل محیطی مختلف منجر به اختلاف در تعداد ابتلا به کووید-19 و مرگ و میر آن در مناطق مختلف شده است. افراد مبتلا به بیماری‌های زمینه‌ای، میزان عفونت و مرگ و میر بیشتری دارند. استفاده از سموم کشاورزی و کودهای شیمیایی یکی از عوامل اصلی شیوع بیماری های زمینه‌ای است. بنابراین، آن‌ها ممکن است به طور غیر مستقیم در افزایش ابتلا و مرگ و میر ناشی از COVID-19 نقش داشته باشند. بر این اساس، بررسی رابطه فضایی بین استفاده از آفت‌کش‌ها و کودها و ابتلا به کووید-19 و مرگ و میر آن هدف اصلی این مقاله است.
روش‌ها: در این راستا، از مدل رگرسیون وزن‌دار جغرافیایی برای بررسی روابط در بخش روستایی استان آذربایجان شرقی استفاده شد.
یافته‌ها: یافته‌ها رابطه فضایی معنی‌داری را بین استفاده از علف‌کش‌ها، پتاسیم، فسفات و حشره‌کش‌ها و افزایش ابتلا به COVID-19 و به‌ویژه مرگ‌ومیر نشان داد. مناطقی که از استفاده زیاد و نقاط داغ علف کش و پتاسیم استفاده می‌شود با افزایش مرگ و میر COVID-19 ارتباط مثبت معنی داری داشت. استفاده زیاد از فسفات و حشره‌کش‌ها و همچنین نقاط داغ آن‌ها، در بیشتر شاخص‌ها با ابتلای بالای COVID-19 و مرگ همراه بود. اما ضرایب آنها کمتر از علف کش ها و پتاسیم بود. هیچ مدرکی دال بر ارتباط بین افزایش ابتلا به کووید-19 و مرگ و میر و استفاده از قارچ کش و نیترات وجود ندارد.

تازه های تحقیق

A GWR model was used in this study to explore local spatial relationships between pesticide and CFs use and COVID-19 infection and death. The following are the main findings:

  1. Areas of high total use and hotspots of herbicide and potassium were significantly positively correlated with an increase in COVID-19 mortality, as well as its peak and peak period, average, trend, and hotspots.
  2. High usage of phosphate and insecticides, as well as their hotspots, were associated with high COVID-19 infection and death in most indices. Their coefficients, however, were lower than those of herbicides and potassium.
  3. There is no evidence of a relationship between increasing COVID-19 infection and mortality and high total fungicide and nitrate use and hotspots.
  4. Overall, the highest positive relationships of pesticide and CFs use were with the prolonged peak period of infection, mortality to infection ratio hotspots, death due to infection hotspots, and average mortality to infection ratio hotspots.
  5. The association of pesticide and CFs hotspots with increasing COVID-19 indicators was stronger than the association of areas with high total use with COVID-19 indicators.

In general, the findings of this study revealed a positive spatial relationship between the use of pesticides and CFs and increasing in COVID-19 infection and mortality.

Acknowledgements

We appreciate the assistance of Dr. Adibkia, the Vice Chancellor for Education and Research, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, helping in obtaining the COVID-19-related data. We also are thankful Dr. Imani and Mr. Nobari, the heads of Statistics and Information of East Azerbaijan Agricultural Organization, regarding help in obtaining the pesticides-related and CF-related data.

Funding

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sector.

Data availability

Datasets and codes related to this article can be downloaded at https://prod-dcd-datasets-cache-zipfiles.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/vmyw6nwn7p-1.zip, an open-source online data repository hosted at Mendeley Data.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Exploring the Spatial Relationship between Agrochemicals Exposure and Covid-19 Infection and Mortality

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamed Ahmadi 1
  • Neda Beyraghi Khatibi 2
  • Meysam Argany 3
  • Abolfazl Ghanbari 4

1 Tehran university-Faculty of geography-Department of Remote Sensing and GIS

2 Department of Geography and Rural Planning, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

3 Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

4 Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, Faculty of planning and Environmental Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

چکیده [English]

Objective: Various environmental factors have resulted in disparities in the number of infections of COVID-19 and its mortality in different areas. People with underlying diseases have a higher infection and mortality rate than the general population. The use of agricultural pesticides and fertilizers is one of the major contributors to the spread of underlying diseases. Therefore, they may indirectly contribute to increased COVID-19-related infection and mortality. Accordingly, exploring the spatial relationship between the use of pesticides and fertilizers, and the infection to COVID-19, death due to infection, and mortality to infection ratio are the main objectives of this paper.
Methods: In this regard, the Geographically Weighted Regression model was used to explore the relationships in the rural district of the East Azerbaijan province in Iran.
Results: The findings revealed a significant spatial relationship between the use of herbicides, potassium, phosphate, and insecticides and an increase in COVID-19-related infection, particularly mortality. Areas of high total use and hotspots of herbicide and potassium were significantly positively correlated with an increase in COVID-19 mortality. High usage of phosphate and insecticides, as well as their hotspots, were associated with high COVID-19 infection and death in most indices. Their coefficients, however, were lower than those of herbicides and potassium. There is no evidence of a relationship between increasing COVID-19 infection and mortality and high total fungicide and nitrate use and hotspots.
Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed a positive spatial relationship between the use of agrochemicals and an increase in COVID-19 infection and mortality.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Agrochemicals
  • Coronavirus
  • Spatial relationship
  • Geographically Weighted Regression

Objective: Various environmental factors have resulted in disparities in the number of infections of COVID-19 and its mortality in different areas. People with underlying diseases have a higher infection and mortality rate than the general population. The use of agricultural pesticides and fertilizers is one of the major contributors to the spread of underlying diseases. Therefore, they may indirectly contribute to increased COVID-19-related infection and mortality. Accordingly, exploring the spatial relationship between the use of pesticides and fertilizers, and the infection to COVID-19, death due to infection, and mortality to infection ratio are the main objectives of this paper.

Methods: In this regard, the Geographically Weighted Regression model was used to explore the relationships in the rural district of the East Azerbaijan province in Iran.

Results: The findings revealed a significant spatial relationship between the use of herbicides, potassium, phosphate, and insecticides and an increase in COVID-19-related infection, particularly mortality. Areas of high total use and hotspots of herbicide and potassium were significantly positively correlated with an increase in COVID-19 mortality. High usage of phosphate and insecticides, as well as their hotspots, were associated with high COVID-19 infection and death in most indices. Their coefficients, however, were lower than those of herbicides and potassium. There is no evidence of a relationship between increasing COVID-19 infection and mortality and high total fungicide and nitrate use and hotspots.

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نشریه کاربرد سنجش از دور و سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی در علوم محیطی
دوره 6، شماره 18
فروردین 1405
صفحه 35-18
  • تاریخ دریافت: 15 فروردین 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 23 آبان 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 06 دی 1404