Remote Sensing and GIS Applications in Environmental Sciences

An investigation of ground deformation and infrastructure damages following Noto peninsula earthquake (2024) using L-band remote sensing

Document Type : Original Article

10.22034/rsgi.2025.64015.1106

Abstract

Earthquakes are among the natural hazards that can have significant impacts. Although earthquakes occur within just a few seconds, their effects can persist in the environment for years, or even decades. Earthquakes cannot be predicted in the long term, but space technologies, such as radar remote sensing, can play a crucial role in reducing earthquake risks and losses. In this study, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images from the ALOS-2 satellite, known as PALSAR-2, operating in the L-band, were used to assess the damage to buildings and road infrastructure resulting from the January 1, 2024, Noto earthquake in Japan. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) and Coherence analyses have been used in this study. The results show that L-band data, with a wavelength of approximately 24 centimeters, have good penetration capability in areas with dense and tall vegetation cover (such as the Noto Peninsula). This advantage can be utilized to extract ground displacement fields and assess damage to buildings and roads in which the results show that the maximum displacement is about 1 meter in the line of sight of satellite.

Keywords

Main Subjects

اگر چه زلزله ها فقط در چند ثانیه رخ می دهند اما متاسفانه آثار آنها تا سال ها و شاید دهه ها در محیط باقی می ماند. زلزله ها قابل پیش بینی در بلند مدت نیستند اما با این حال فناوری های فضایی از جمله سنجش از دور راداری می تواند کمک بسزایی در کاهش ریسک و تلفات زلزله بازی کنند. در این مطالعه تصاویر رادار با گشودگی مصنوعی (SAR) ماهواره ALOS-2موسوم به PALSAR-2 در باند L با استفاده از روش تداخل سنجی راداری (InSAR) و سنجش همدوسی (Coherence) برای ارزیابی تخریب ساختمان ها و زیرساختهای جاده ای تحت تاثیر از زلزله 1 ژانویه 2024 نوتو ژاپن مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است. نتایج نشان می دهد که داده های باند L در محدوده طیفی 24 سانتی متر قدرت نفوذ مناسبی در مناطق با پوشش گیاهی متراکم و بلند (همانند شبه جزیره نوتو) دارد که از این ویژگی میتوان برای استخراج میدان جابجایی زمین و همینطور آسیب ساختمان ها و جاده ها استفاده کرد. نتایج بدست آمده حاکی از جابجایی بیشینه حدوداً یک متری در راستای خط دید ماهواره می باشد.

ALOS-2/PALSAR-2 level 1.1/1.5/2.1/3.1 CEOS SAR product format description, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, May. (2014).
Aslan, G., Cakır, Z., Ergintav, S., Lasserre, C., & Renard, F. (2018). Analysis of secular ground motions in Istanbul from a long-term InSAR time-series (1992–2017). Remote Sensing, 10(3), 408. https://doi. org/10.3390/rs10030408.
Cigna, F., Esquivel Ramírez, R., & Tapete, D. (2021). Accuracy of sentinel-1 PSI and SBAS InSAR displacement velocities against GNSS and geodetic leveling monitoring data. Remote Sensing, 13 (23), 4800. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13234800 .
Karimzadeh, S., Ghasemi, M., Matsuoka, M., Yagi, K., & Zulfikar, A. C. (2022). A deep learning model for road damage detection after an earthquake based on synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and field datasets. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, 15, 5753–5765. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2022.3189875.
Karimzadeh, S., & Matsuoka, M. (2020). Ground displacement in east azerbaijan province, Iran, revealed by L-band and C-band InSAR analyses. Sensors, 20(23), 6913. https://doi.org/10.3390/ s20236913.
Karimzadeh, S., Matsuoka, M., & Ogushi, F. (2018). Spatiotemporal deformationpatterns of the lake urmia causeway as characterized by multisensor InSAR analysis. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 5357. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-23650-6.
Remote Sensing and GIS Applications in Environmental Sciences
Volume 4, Issue 13
February 2025
Pages 133-117
  • Receive Date: 15 October 2024
  • Revise Date: 11 November 2024
  • Accept Date: 29 January 2025