Remote Sensing and GIS Applications in Environmental Sciences

Assessing the Effects of Urban Sprawl on the Environment of Peri-Urban Villages and Rurbanes (A Case Study: Metropolis of Tabriz)

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 geographie- faculty of humanities and educational sciences- islamicazad university- tabriz branch

2 Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

10.22034/rsgi.2025.64210.1113

Abstract

The phenomenon of urban sprawl refers to the irregular and dispersed expansion of cities into peri-urban and rural areas, reducing agricultural and natural lands, environmental degradation, and increasing informal settlements. In the metropolis of Tabriz, the annexation of villages into the urban boundary and the separate spatial development of the city have caused significant changes in land use and the environment of villages. This study aims to assess the effects of this sprawl on the environment in the peri-urban areas surrounding Tabriz. To achieve this, existing data and analysis of 30 years of time series were utilized through remote sensing and statistical models that analyze spatial and temporal dimensions of urban growth and its impacts on the surrounding environment. The trend and extent of this growth in different urban sectors were also identified. Land use was extracted using satellite images in Terrset and Arc/GIS software and supervised classification methods. The Crass-tab model was employed to analyze changes in various land uses, the Heldern model was utilized to assess horizontal expansion, and the Markov chain model was used to forecast land use changes until 2023. The analysis of satellite imagery revealed that from 1993 to 2023, built-up land increased by 15,255.18 hectares, representing an 11 percent growth. Additionally, the Markov and Heldern models indicated that over 70 percent of the development was due to population growth, while 30 percent was attributed to unbalanced urban expansion. Forecasts suggest that the expansion of built-up land will continue until 2033, posing a serious threat to the environment and natural resources of the region.

Keywords

Main Subjects

پدیده خزش شهری به گسترش نامنظم و پراکنده شهرها در حاشیه‌ها و مناطق روستایی اشاره دارد که منجر به کاهش اراضی کشاورزی و طبیعی، تخریب محیط زیست، و افزایش حاشیه‌نشینی می‌شود. در کلان‌شهر تبریز، الحاق روستاها به محدوده شهری و توسعه کالبدی جداگانه شهر باعث تغییرات گسترده‌ای در کاربری اراضی و محیط زیست روستاها شده است. این پژوهش به ارزیابی اثرات این خزش بر محیط زیست در مناطق روستا-شهرهای اطراف تبریز می‌پردازد. برای این منظور، با استفاده از داده‌های موجود و تحلیل سری‌های زمانی 30 ساله از طریق سنجش از راه دور و مدل‌های آماری که ابعاد مکانی و زمانی را تحلیل می‌کنند، رشد شهری و اثرات آن بر محیط پیرامون بررسی شد. همچنین روند و میزان این رشد در بخش‌های مختلف شهری مشخص شد. با استفاده از تصاویر ماهواره‌ای در نرم‌افزارهای Terrset و Arc/GIS ، کاربری اراضی با روش طبقه‌بندی نظارت‌شده استخراج گردید. از مدل Crass tab برای بررسی تغییرات انواع کاربری‌ها، از مدل هلدرن برای شناخت گسترش افقی، و برای پیش‌بینی تغییرات کاربری اراضی تا سال 1402 از زنجیره مارکوف استفاده شد. نتایج ارزیابی تصاویر ماهواره‌ای نشان داد که در طی سال­های 1372 - 1402 اراضی ساخته شده با 18/15255هکتار افزایش رشدی معادل 11 درصد است. همچنین، مدل‌های زنجیره مارکوف و هلدرن نشان داد که بیش از 70 درصد توسعه ناشی از افزایش جمعیت و 30 درصد ناشی از رشد نامتوازن شهری بوده است. پیش‌بینی‌ها نیز نشان داد که گسترش اراضی ساخته‌شده تا سال 1412 ادامه خواهد داشت که این روند تهدیدی جدی برای محیط زیست و منابع طبیعی منطقه محسوب می‌شود.

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Remote Sensing and GIS Applications in Environmental Sciences
Volume 5, Issue 14
April 2025
Pages 120-96
  • Receive Date: 26 October 2024
  • Revise Date: 04 January 2025
  • Accept Date: 29 January 2025