Remote Sensing and GIS Applications in Environmental Sciences

Seasonal monitoring and analysis of air pollution in Iran using Sentinel satellite images in Google Earth Engine

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Department of Surveying Engineering, Faculty of Civil, Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

2 Master student of surveying Engineering department, Shahid Rajaei Teacher Training University

10.22034/rsgi.2025.62940.1093

Abstract

Today, air pollution has become a serious problem in human societies. One of the appropriate methods for better management in dealing with this destructive environmental phenomenon is to monitor and investigate the pollution trend using modern technologies, including satellite images. In this study, the production of a seasonal map and the investigation of pollution trends of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), methane (CH4), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) are targeted. The study area FOR producing a pollution map is Iran in Southwest Asia. Also, the data used are related to Sentinel 5 satellite images. By creating a model and using special bands, the seasonal pollution map of Iran is produced. In the following, a point in the city of Tehran was considered to analyze the pollution trend. By creating a function in Google Earth Engine, the graph of 1402 related to CO, NO2, CH4, and pollutants is drawn. The results of these two parts show that the amount of pollution in winter is higher than in other seasons. Some areas, especially on the coasts of the Persian Gulf and the Caspian Sea, are dangerous in terms of the presence of CO in all 4 seasons of the year. NO2 reporting is hazardous in metropolitan areas throughout the year. Ch4 maps are almost neutral. On the other hand, partial SO2 and NO2 are seen more in industrial and densely populated areas. The graphs also show that the trend of CO, NO2, and SO2 pollution increases drastically in the second half of the year.

Keywords

Main Subjects

امروزه آلودگی هوا به مشکلی جدی در جوامع بشری تبدیل شده است. در ایران نیز سال به سال میزان آلودگی در حال افزایش است. یکی از روش­های مناسب برای مدیریت بهتر در مقابله با این پدیده مخرب زیست محیطی، پایش و بررسی روند میزان آلودگی با استفاده از تکنولوژی­های روز دنیا از جمله تصاویر ماهواره­ای می­باشد. هدف این مطالعه تولید نقشه فصلی و بررسی روند آلودگی­های منواکسید کربن (CO)، دی­اکسید نیتروژن (NO2)، متان (CH4) و دی­اکسید گوگرد (SO2) می­باشد. نقطه عطف این پژوهش بهره‌گیری از تصاویر ماهواره‌ای سنتینل با وضوح بالا و مدل‌سازی در گوگل ارث انجین برای تحلیل دقیق فصلی و سالانه آلودگی‌ها است. منطقه مورد مطالعه جهت تولید نقشه آلودگی، کشور ایران در جنوب غرب آسیا است. با استفاده از سامانه گوگل ارث انجین، تصاویر مربوط به هر آلودگی در سال 1402 شمسی استخراج شده است. با ایجاد مدل و بهره­گیری از باند­های مخصوص، نقشه آلودگی فصلی ایران براساس آلاینده­ها تولید گردید. در ادامه نیز برای تحلیل روند آلودگی، نقطه­ای در شهر تهران درنظر گرفته شد. با ایجاد تابع در گوگل ارث انجین نمودار سال 1402 مربوط به آلاینده­های CO، NO2، CH4 و SO2 ترسیم می­شود. نتایج این دو قسمت نشان می­دهد که میزان آلودگی در زمستان نسبت به فصول دیگر بیشتر است. برخی از مناطق به­ویژه در سواحل خلیج فارس و دریای خزر در هر 4 فصل از سال در از لحاظ وجود CO پرخطر هستند. آلودگی NO2 در کلانشهرها در طول سال خطرناک است. نقشه­های CH4 تقریبا خنثی هستند. از طرفی آلودگی SO2 همانند NO2 در مناطق صنعتی و پرجمعیت بیشتر دیده می­شود. نمودارها هم نشان می­دهند که روند آلودگی CO،  NO2و  SO2در نیمه دوم سال بشدت افزایش می­یابد. درنهایت سنجش از دور می­تواند آلودگی­ها را در سطح وسیع مورد بررسی قرار داده و اطلاعات مفیدی را برای برنامه­ریزی در اختیار سازمان­ها قرار دهد. 

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Remote Sensing and GIS Applications in Environmental Sciences
Volume 4, Issue 13
February 2025
Pages 89-68
  • Receive Date: 12 August 2024
  • Revise Date: 25 December 2024
  • Accept Date: 29 January 2025