Flood risk zoning by using of FAHP method (Case study: Kermanshah county)

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Academic Member/University of Tabriz

2 Associate Professor, Geography Department, Faculty of Social Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.

3 Student of University of Tabriz

10.22034/rsgi.2024.60665.1064

Abstract

Iran is one of the flood-prone countries in the world, and due to climate changes in recent years, we will see more destructive floods in the future. The more prevention and measures are considered, the less human losses and economic costs will be involved. Identifying flood-prone areas is one of the primary measures to deal with them. The Kermanshah township was not separated from this and this research was conducted with the aim of preparing a flood potential map of Kermanshah township. Considering that there are many parameters that are effective in flooding, so in this research, seven parameters of height, slope and direction of slope, vegetation, land use, density of watercourse or drainage network, precipitation and distance from the watercourse are selected and the corresponding map for each one was prepared. In the next step, the maps prepared using the fuzzy AHP hierarchical analysis model were weighted and finally the layers were overlapped using the gamma fuzzy operator in ArcMap software, and the maps related to flood risk zoning in the Kermanshah township. Was obtained. The area and areas of flood risk in Kermanshah township with very high, high, medium, low and very low degrees was calculated as percentage 6.3, 9.1, 10.4, 16.7 and 28.6 respectively and the area of the regions with flood risk in Kermanshah city with very high, high, medium, low and very low degrees equal to 19.3, 26.4, 2.5, 17.3 and 34.5 respectively.

Keywords

Main Subjects

در زمین همیشه مخاطرات طبیعی  باعث بروز صدمات و خسارات بسیار زیاد و جبران ناپذیر به محیط طبیعی و پدیده های انسان ساخت می شوند. سیلاب ها از جمله مخاطراتی هستند که همیشه احتمال پیشامد آنها وجود داشته و دارد .

امروزه با پیدایش تراکم جمعیت در شهر و روستاها سیلاب ها ابعاد گسترده و فاجعه باری به خود گرفته است. این پژوهش با هدف تهیه نقشه پهنه بندی خطر سیلاب شهرستان کرمانشاه انجام شده است. با توجه به اینکه در خطر سیلاب پارامتر های زیادی موثر هستند، بنابراین در این پژوهش هفت پارامتر ارتفاع، شیب و جهت شیب، پوشش گیاهی ،کاربری اراضی، تراکم شبکه آبراهه یا زهکشی، بارش و فاصله از آبراهه انتخاب و نقشه مربوط به هر یک تهیه گردید. در مرحله بعد نقشه های تهیه شده با استفاده از مدل تحلیل سلسله مراتبی AHP فازی وزن دهی شده و در نهایت همپوشانی لایه ها با استفاده از عملگر فازی گاما در نرم افزار ArcMap انجام شد و      نقشه های مربوط به پهنه بندی خطر سیلاب در شهرستان کرمانشاه بدست آمد. نواحی خطر وقوع سیلاب در شهرستان کرمانشاه با درجه های خیلی زیاد، زیاد، متوسط، کم و خیلی کم به ترتیب بر حسب درصد برابر 3/6، 1/9، 4/10، 7/16 و 6/28 محاسبه گردید و پهنه بندی آن بدست آمد .مساحت نواحی دارای خطر سیلاب در شهر کرمانشاه با درجه های خیلی زیاد، زیاد، متوسط، کم و خیلی کم به ترتیب بر حسب درصد برابر 3/19، 4/26، 5/2، 3/17 و 5/34 می باشد. با این پهنه بندی برنامه ریزی جهت پیشگیری سیلاب مناطق با خطر بالا در شهرستان کرمانشاه میسر و نیز انجام زیرساخت های عمرانی در بافت شهری هم با توجه به این اطلاعات جهت کنترل سیلاب بهتر انجام می پذیرد.

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Volume 3, Issue 9 - Serial Number 8
January 2024
Pages 131-105
  • Receive Date: 20 February 2024
  • Revise Date: 23 July 2024
  • Accept Date: 11 August 2024